Spearheading
the Global Expansion of China's Top
Pharma & TCM Firms
把中国顶尖药品推向世界
| About Us | Contact Us | Links | FAQ | DISTRIBUTORS WANTED |
|
|
Spearheading
the Global Expansion of China's Top
Pharma & TCM Firms
|
|
Traditional Chinese
Medicine
(Tablets, Pills and Liquids)
Other Products
Watch TV Ads
|
Livotide:
Anti-Liver Cancer activity backed by NUS studies Xing Ling’s best selling product Livotide now boasts three studies conducted by the National University of Singapore (NUS) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, confirming the presence of Quercetin and Gallic Acid in Livotide, its in-vitro cytotoxic (anti-cancer) activity against liver cancer cell line HepG2 as well as its quality consistency across different batches. The first study is entitled “Pharmacological Study of Livotide – an Alpine Herb extract containing Quercetin and Gallic Acid” by Mr Siew Hong Xuan and Associate Professor Lee How Sung. This report determined that the molar concentration ratio of quercetin to gallic acid present in Livotide is 1: 44. It went on to test the efficacy of Livotide, quercetin and gallic acid against the proliferation of HepG2 cells (liver cancer cells). The results showed that Quercetin by itself, with concentrations as high as 100 µM could not reach 50% inhibition (IC50) of HepG2 cells, while gallic acid inhibited HepG2 cells at an IC50 of 28 µM. Quercetin and gallic acid combined inhibited HepG2 cells at an IC50 value equivalent to 38 µM of gallic acid, while Livotide alone inhibited HepG2 cells at an IC50 value equivalent to 19 µM of gallic acid (approx 0.6mg/ml of Livotide). These results showed that quercetin, gallic acid and Livotide all have an anti-proliferative effect against human liver cancer cells HepG2, with Livotide being the most efficacious based on experimental calculations. The second study is entitled “Report on in vitro cytotoxic effects of Livotide on HepG2 cells” by Associate Professor Lee How Sung, Ms Fan Lu and Mr Siew Hong Xuan of NUS Department of Pharmacology. This study compared the cytotoxicity (denoted by IC50 value which is the inhibitory concentration that will kill 50% of liver cancer cell line HepG2) of a) quercetin alone, b) gallic acid alone, c) combination of quercetin with gallic acid in the same molar proportion 1:50 as Livotide, and d) Livotide alone. The results of the second study showed that quercetin alone did not seem to be cytotoxic to HepG2 cells up to 2 µM. Gallic acid showed an IC50 of 28.5 µM. When the two compounds were added together, the cytotoxic effect of gallic acid decreased, changing the IC50 to 40 µM. Livotide produced the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 22.8 µM (all IC50 are expressed as gallic acid equivalents). These results are similar to that in the first study, where the IC50 of gallic acid itself, the combination compounds of quercetin with gallic acid, and Livotide were 28 µM, 38 µM and 19 µM respectively. Both studies showed that the combination of quercetin reduced the cytotoxic effects of gallic acid. Without further experiments, it would be difficult to postulate an explanation for this phenomenon. The most interesting aspect is that quercetin within the Livotide extract did not have this effect. Livotide contains many more components (not just quercetin and gallic acid), and these other components seem to be able to not only remove the quercetin opposing effect on gallic acid, but also contribute to an increase in its cytotoxic effect. The third study is entitled “Report on Quercetin and Gallic Acid contents in different batches of Livotide Sachets” by Associate Professor Lee How Sung, Ms Fan Lu and Mr Siew Hong Xuan. In this experiment, the amount of quercetin and gallic acid content in different sachets of different batches of Livotide were analysed. Both quercetin and gallic acid content in different sachets from the same batch were very similar, showing good quality consistency across batches. Quercetin variation between batches was 15.3% while that of gallic acid was 11.2%. It concluded that Livotide contains 0.015-0.022% of quercetin and 0.4-0.54% of gallic acid.
|
|
© Copyright
2005-2006 Xing Ling International Pte Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
|