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HERB LIBRARY - TOP 22 HERBS

1. Deer Antler Velvet 鹿茸 (Lu Rong)           Scientific Name: Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum

 Properties:

• Sweet and salty taste 味甘、咸
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on liver and kidney channels 归肝 、肾经

 Background information:

Elk (Deer) produces new antlers yearly, an indication of their high growth factor content. These deers are primarily males, except in caribou and reindeer. The bulls are not harmed in antler removal. The velvet antler is dried and used powdered for a wide variety of health remedies. It is effective as an anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immune stimulant and pro-growth agent. Chinese physicians have regarded velvet antler as an essential health, energy and sexual tonic for the past 2,000 years. Recent scientific studies demonstrate its anti-inflammatory effects and efficacy in enhancing athletic performance. One Canadian study on young male football players and police recruits found higher testosterone levels after taking velvet antler supplements for several weeks.

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2. Cinnamon 肉桂 (Rou Gui) Scientific Name: Cortex Cinnamomi

Properties:

• Sweet and pungent taste 味甘、辛
• Very hot in nature 性大热
• Acts on the Kidney, Spleen, Heart and Liver Channels 归肾、脾、心、肝经

Background Information: 

Traditionally, cinnamon twig is used when peripheral circulation is poor while cinnamon bark is employed when the entire body is cold. If the upper body is warm and the lower body is cold, cinnamon can correct this imbalance. It is usually cooked together with other herbs to make a warming tea, or powdered with other herbs to make a pill that regulates blood circulation. Average dosage is 0.3 to 3 grams of bark and up to 9 grams of twigs per day. However, large amounts of cinnamon can be irritating to the liver and should not be used by those with inflammatory liver disorders.

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3.  Eucommia Bark 杜仲 (Du Zhong) Scientific Name: Cortex Eucommiae

Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on liver and kidney channels 归肝 、肾经

Background information:

Emperor Shen Nong described Eucommia as a superior herb that could prolong life in his classic Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Book of Herbs), more than 2,000 years ago. Playing second fiddle only to Ginseng, Eucommia has remained a virtual icon of tonic herbalism ever since. As a herb that provides both yin and yang energy, it is suitable for use by both sexes to promote the functions of the endocrine system, improve sexual functions, enhance normal growth, quicken healing, strengthen the physical structure and increase resistance.  

This herb comes from the deciduous trunk bark of Eucommia ulcommia ulmoides Oliv. The bark is stripped off between April and June and cut into small strips. These strips are held together by a stretchy, silvery white substance that looks like rubber and contains latex. Chinese pharmacists determine the quality of Eucommia Bark by gauging how much and how elastic this springy, rubbery substance is.

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4. Chinese Wolfberry Root-bark  地骨皮  (Di Gu Pi) Scientific Name: Cortex Lycii

 Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Cold in nature 性寒
• Acts on the lung, liver and kidney channels 归肺、肝 、肾经
   

Background Information:

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5. Villous Amomum Fruit  砂仁 (Sha Ren) Scientific Name: Fructus Amomi

 Properties:

• Pungent taste 味辛
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on the spleen, stomach and kidney channels 归胃、脾、肾经

Background Information:

The Chinese name of Fructus Amomi “Sha Ren” literally translates as “Sand Seeds”. This herb has “yin” properties and is widely cultivated as well as found in the wild. The best grade of Fructus Amomi is found in the Guangdong province of Yang Chun. Fructus Amomi is frequently used with Radix Rehmanniae to promote their joint efficacy.

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6. Chinese Date  大枣 (Da Zao) Scientific Name: Fructus Jujubae

Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on stomach and spleen channels 归脾、胃经

Background information:

Also known as Chinese Jujube or black date, the Chinese date is the dried ripe fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. It is gathered at the beginning of autumn and dried in the sun. The Chinese date, which is not a true date, has been used since ancient times as a nutrient tonic, a blood cleanser, and as an important adjunctive herb to other tonics, especially in combination with Ginseng and Tang Kuei. In Arab medicine, the Chinese date is used orally for fever wounds, ulcers, inflammation, asthma, and eye diseases. Chinese date is also eaten as a food. In addition, Chinese date extracts are used in skin care products for anti-inflammatory, anti wrinkle, moisturizing and relief for sun burn. Given its many uses, it is no surprise that the Chinese date is regarded as a “superior drug” in the historical Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Book of Herbs).

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7. Chinese Wolfberry 枸杞子 (Gou Qi Zi) Scientific Name: Fructus Lycii

Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Neutral in nature 性平
• Acts on the Liver and Kidney channels  归肝、肾经

Background Information:

Wolfberries have long played important roles in TCM, where they are believed to enhance immune system functions, help eyesight, protect the liver, boost sperm production and improve circulation, amongst other effects. Wolfberries are nutritionally rich, containing beta-carotene, vitamins C, B₁, B₂ and other vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and amino acids. Two recent books describe the exceptional nutritional qualities of wolfberries, making it one of the most nutrient-rich plant foods on earth (References: Young et al., 2005; Gross et al., 2006).

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8. Desertliving Cistanche 肉苁蓉 (Rou Cong Rong) Scientific Name: Herba Cistanches

 Properties:

• Sweet and salty taste 味甘、咸
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on the kidney and large intestine channels 归肾、大肠经

Background information:

Desertliving Cistanche is the dried fleshy stem with scales of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma. It is a herb widely recognized for its efficacy in treating impotency, seminal emission, infertility, weakness of the loin and knees and constipation. On an interesting note, a 1.75m specimen became the first medicinal herbal plant to be entered into the Guinness Book of World Records as the tallest Herba Cistanche ever recorded in 2004. A normal species reaches 3 to 15cm.

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9. Indian Bread 茯苓 (Fu Ling) Scientific Name: Poria

 Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Neutral in nature 性平
• Acts on the heart, lung, spleen and kidney channels 归心、脾、肝、肾经

Background Information:

This herb is a large fungus that grows on pine roots. Although it can range in colour from white to pale red, it typically takes on a light brown hue, with striations on the outer skin. As it is relatively mild, it is mostly used in making decoctions with a dosage equivalent of 10 to 15 grams per day. Poria is non-toxic and rarely causes any adverse effects. It is often combined with other herbs to create larger formulations used to treat conditions ranging from dysuria and edema to insomnia.

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10. Tang-Kuei 当归 (Dang Gui) Scientific Name: Radix Angelicae Sinensis

 Properties:

• Sweet and pungent taste 味甘、辛
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on heart, liver and spleen channels 归心、肝 、脾经

Background Information:

Angelica sinensis or "female ginseng" is a herb from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. Angelica sinensis possesses the distinction of being the only non-animal source of Vitamin B12, along with some varieties of yeast. It is regarded as the most important drug for menstrual disorders, and has its highest rate of use amongst women. However it can also help nourish the blood of both sexes.

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11. Bupleurum 柴胡 (Chai Hu) Scientific Name: Radix Bupleuri

 Properties:

• Bitter and pungent taste  味苦、辛
• Slightly cold in nature  性微寒
• Acts on the liver and gall bladder channels  归肝、胆经

 Background Information:

Bupleurm is a native medicinal root found in East Asia. Its Chinese name chaihu (柴胡) means “kindling of the barbarians”. The root is dug up in Spring or Autumn, dried in the sun, and cut into short pieces. Bupleurum is not a tonic herb, but is useful in the tonic system because of its ability to relieve liver tension and digestive disturbances, and because its actions are detoxifying and anti-microbial. Research shows that Bupleurum is beneficial as a liver protectant and has positive effects on the immune system as well, useful in the treatment of cold and flu, inflammatory disorders and certain cancers. Bupleurum is also useful in gastro-intestinal ailments, certain brain disorders and gynecological problems. Its toxicity profile is low with no major side effects. 

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12. Ginseng 人参 (Ren Shen) Scientific Name: Radix Ginseng

 Properties:

• Sweet and slightly bitter taste 味甘、微苦
• Slightly warm in nature 性温
• Acts on the spleen, lung and heart channels 归脾、肺、心经

Background information:

The Chinese term 人参 (from which “ginseng” is derived) literally means "man root", referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man. The efficacy and value of ginseng improves with age, with some specimens reaching 300 to 500 years old. The first written record of ginseng use can be found in a Chinese Herbal, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, dated in 1st Century BC. In ancient China, ginseng has always been held in the highest esteem as a powerful drug that early Chinese emperors placed immense value on. They proclaimed its roots as having many uses, primarily as a tonic or stimulant for both physical and mental disorders. In addition, ginseng was used for increasing fertility and sexuality, and strengthening the body. In fact, it was so esteemed as a botanical drug that it became an important trade commodity, at times serving as payment for ransoms and even as substitute for tribute money to the Chinese government.

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13. Prepared Liquorice Root  灸甘草  (Jiu Gan Cao) Scientific Name: Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata

 Properties:

• Sweet taste  味甘
• Neutral in nature  性平
• Acts on heart, lung, spleen and stomach channels  归心、肺、脾、胃经

Background Information:

Liquorice benefits practically all the major organs. Its sweet flavour improves the taste of most prescriptions. In addition, it slows and prolongs the effects of strong tonic prescriptions. It is no wonder then that Liquorice is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs around, appearing in almost all prescriptions, although it is chiefly recommended as an expectorant.  Liquorice is also employed by Arab physicians as a laxative and for treating stomach problems such as ulcers, as well as dealing with bladder and kidney complaints. In Europe, a drug has been made from licorice extract that heals gastric ulcers. Active components found in Liquorice include glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin and liquiritigenin.  

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14. Sanchi  三七  (San Qi) Scientific Name: Radix Notoginseng

 Properties:

• Sweet and slightly bitter taste 味甘、辛
• Slightly warm in nature 性温
• Acts on heart, liver and spleen channels 归心、肝、脾经

Background Information:

First appearing in the Compendium of Materia Medica in 1578, Sanchi was pronounced as a root “more important than gold” by Li Shizen. It is an important herb that treats various kinds of bleeding and pain due to blood stasis.  In powder form, it can be taken orally to stop internal bleeding or applied externally to wounds, and can be used safely in large doses. Recently, Sanchi has also shown promise as a treatment for angina (chest pain due to poor circulation in the heart muscles) and high blood pressure.

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15.  Peony 白芍 (Bai Shao) Scientific Name: Radix Paeoniae Alba

 Properties:

• Sweet, sour and bitter taste  味甘、苦、酸
• Slightly cold in nature 性微寒
• Acts on liver and spleen channels 归肝、脾经

Background Information:
Peony can be used in many ways. The crude form is used to astringe yin, soothe the liver and treat dysentery. The parched drug is used to nourish the liver, regulate the spleen and relieve pain. When the drug is parched with wine, its cold nature is reduced.

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16. Prepared Rehmannia Root  熟地黄 (Shou Di Huang) Scientific Name: Radix Rehmanniae Preparata

 Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on heart, liver and kidney channels 归心、肝 、肾经
   

Background Information:

Sometimes known as Chinese Foxglove due to its superficial resemblance to the genus Digitalis, the species of Rehmannia are perennial herbs. The plants have large flowers and are grown as ornamental garden plants in Europe and North America, but are used medicinally in Asia. The root of Rehmannia is a dark, moist herb that is extensively employed to nourish the blood and the hormonal systems. Two forms of the herb are currently used: 1.Raw Rehmannia is given to reduce inflammation and included in many formulas for autoimmune disorders; 2) Designated Shoudihuang or Prepared Rehmannia is used as a nourishing tonic. Often, the two forms are combined in equal proportions to address inflammatory problems that are related to the lack of adequate levels of regulating hormones.

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17.  Swechwan Lovage Rhizome 川芎 (Chuan Xiong) Scientific Name: Rhizoma Chuanxiong

 Properties:

• Pungent taste  味辛
• Warm in nature  性温
• Acts on liver, gall bladder and pericardium channels  归肝、胆、心包经

Background Information:

This is one of the key medicinal herbs in the treatment of woman diseases. Produced mainly in Sichuan province, it has been recorded as a herb used for qi in the blood, in several Chinese historical sources such as the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, Compendium of Materia Medica and Opinions on the Properties of Herbs. Modern research shows that Rhizome Chuanxiong contains volatile oils, alkaloids, phenolic substances (e.g. ferulic acid), lactone, vitamin A, folic acid, sterols, sucrose, fatty oil etc.

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18. Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome  白术  (Bai Zhu) Scientific Name: Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae

 Properties:

• Sweet and bitter taste 味甘、苦
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on the spleen and stomach channels 归脾、胃经
   

Background Information:

This herb is widely used to strengthen digestion and assimilation as well as to move moisture through the body. Athletes often use it to build powerful muscles and improve physical endurance. The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing describes the herb as “…bitter and warm. It mainly treats damp impediment,  tetany, and jaundice. It stops sweating, eliminates heat, and disperses food. It can be used as a conductor in decoctions. Long term use may make the body light, prolong life and reduce hunger.”
 

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19. Nutgrass Galinge Rhizome  香附  (Xiang Fu) Scientific Name: Rhizoma Cyperi

 Properties:

• Pungent, slightly bitter and slightly sweet taste 味辛、微苦、甘
• Neutral in nature 性平
• Acts on spleen, liver and triple-jiao channels 归脾、肝、三焦经

Background Information:

Also known as Cyperus tuber, the rhizomes are usually dug up in September and October. Modern research shows that the herb contains a volatile oil with a mixture of b-pinene, cyperene, a-cyperone b-cyperone and a-cyperol as its main ingredients. Rhizoma Cyperi is recorded in the historical books of Mingyi Bielu and Compendium of Materia Medica. It can be grown in tropical areas and found along roadsides, sandy fields and cultivated areas. In China, it is produced in most areas but mainly in the provinces Guangdong, Henan, Zhejiang and Shandong.

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20. Dried Ginger 干姜 (Gan Jiang) Scientific Name: Rhizoma Zingiberis

 Properties:

• Pungent taste 味辛
• Hot in nature 性热
• Acts on the heart, lung, spleen and stomach channels  归脾、胃、心、肺经

 Background Information:

Ginger is commonly used as a spice for cooking, making teas and its powder is encapsulated for easy consumption. The earliest record of Dried Ginger usage is in the ancient Chinese Herbal, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. As a medicine, it has been shown to help counteract nausea from various causes including morning sickness, motion sickness and food contamination. However, those who suffer from dryness, dry cough, thirst, dry constipation etc. may find that ginger worsens their condition.

 
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21. Dodder seed  菟丝子  (Tu Si Zi) Scientific Name: Semen Cuscutae

 Properties:

• Sweet taste  味甘
• Warm in nature 性温
• Acts on the spleen, liver and kidney channels 归脾、肝 、肾经
   

Background Information:

First recorded in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, Semen Cuscutae is a parasitic vine that wraps around other plants for nourishment. The ripe seeds are collected in autumn and dried in the sun. Cuscuta seed is used in China for kidney deficiency. Semen Cuscutae also has a high flavonoid content and strong antioxidant properties. Studies found that Cuscuta seed offers positive effects on sperm health and motility, and invigorates the reproductive system.

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22. Saffron  西红花  (Xi Hong Hua) Scientific Name: Stigma Croci

 Properties:

• Sweet taste 味甘
• Neutral in nature 性平
• Acts on heart and liver channels 归心、肝经

Background Information:

Saffron threads are actually the dried stigmas of the saffron flower Crocus Sativus Linneaus. Each flower contains only three stigmas and these threads are typically hand picked. More than 75,000 flowers are needed to produce just one pound of Saffron threads, making it the world's most precious spice. In the past, saffron was used by noble ladies for female problems. Other than its efficacy in regulating menstruation, relieving pain and calming the nerves, it was also employed as a precious component in food, dyes, cosmetics, tea, wines and as a spice. Due to its many uses, saffron enjoys a huge world-wide demand and has such a high worth that the Spanish has dubbed it “Red Gold”.

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